Wildflowers (Magnoliophyta division, Tracheobionta subkingdom, Plantae kingdom)

See also A Virtual Wildflower Garden across Time to identify wildflowers by color and when they appear.

Wildflower Subclasses: Liliopsida (Monocots) ---Arecidae ---Liliidae Magnoliopsida (Dicots) ---Asteridae ---Caryophyllidae ---Dilleniidae ---Hamamelidae ---Magnoliidae ---Rosidae       Wildflower Common Names: Alder, Witch Ageratum Anemone, Rue Angelica Ash, Green Aster, Late Purple Aster, New England Aster, Stokes Aster, White Heath Azalea, Flame Azalea, Florida Bee-balm, Scarlet Bee-balm, Spotted Bergamot, White Bamboo, Heavenly Bean, Royal Purple Burgundy Bean, Trailing Wild Bearded Beggarticks Beardtongue, Eastern Gray Beauty Berry, American Bedstraw Bee-balm, Lavender Bellflower, Tall Bergamot, White Birdfoot Trefoil Bittercress, Smallflowered Blackberry Blazing Star, Dense Bleeding Heart Bloodroot Blue-eyed Grass, White Blue-eyed Grass, Narrowleaf Bluebells, Virginia Blueberry Bluecurls, Forked Bluet, Azure Bristly-mallow Buttercup, Bulbous Buttercup, Hooked Butterfly Pea Butterfly Pea, Spurred Butterfly Weed Buttonbush, Common Buttonweed, Virginia Buckeye, Red Buckeye, Yellow Buckthorn, Carolina Cactus, Prickly Pear Cardinal Flower Carpet Bugleweed Cat's Ear Chickweed, Giant Chicory Chive Chocolate Vine Chokecherry Cinquefoil, Dwarf Cinquefoil, Sulfur Clover, Crimson Clover, Hop Clover, Red Clover, White Cohosh, Black Columbine, Wild Coneflower, Purple Coneflower, Smooth Cornsalad, Common Cornflower Crabgrass, Common Cranesbill, Bloody Cranesbill, Carolina Creeper, Virginia Cress, Winter Cross Vine Crown Vetch Daisy, Bushy Sea Oxeye Daisy, Oxeye Daisy Fleabane Dandelion, Common Dandelion, Dwarf Dandelion, False Dayflower, Asiatic Dayflower, Carolina Dayflower, Swamp Daylily, Orange Dead-nettle Deadly Nightshade Deerberry Devil's Walkingstick Dog Fennel Dogbane Dogwood, Flowering Dutchman’s Breeches Elm, Winged Evening Primrose Everlasting, American Everlasting, Sweet Fetter-bush Fire-on-the-Mountain Fleabane, Salt-marsh Fleabane, Salt-marsh Foamflower, Heartleaf Forget-me-not Foxglove, Common Foxglove, Purple False Fringe Tree Garlic, False Golden Alexander Gentian, Narrowleaf Rose Gentian, Rose Grape, Scuppernong Groundnut Gum, Sweet Hearts-a-Burstin’ Helmet Flower Hemlock, Water Henbit Hepatica, Round-lobed Hickory, Pignut Holly, American Hog Peanut Honeysuckle, Coral Hophornbeam, Eastern Houstonia, Large Hyacinth, Grape Indian Cucumber Root Indian Pipe Indigo, Blue Wild Iris, Dwarf Crested Ironweed, New York Ivy, Ground Ivy, Poison Jack-in-the-Pulpit Jessamine, Carolina Jewelweed, Pale Jewelweed, Spotted Joe-pye Weed Kudzu Johnny Jump-up Lady’s Slipper, Pink Laurel, Great Laurel, Mountain Leather Flower Lespedeza, Sericea Lily, Atamasco Lily, Trout Lily, Turk’s Cap Lily of the Valley Little Sweet Betsy Lizard's Tail Lobelia, Downy Lobelia, Great Locust, Bristly Loosestrife, Whorled Yellow Magnolia, Southern Mallow, Bristly Mallow, Rose Mallow, Swamp Rose Man-of-the-earth Maple, Red Maple, Sugar Mayapple Meadow Beauty, Maryland Meadow Beauty, Virginia Mexican Fireplant Miami Mist Milkweed, Butterfly Milkweed, Common Milkweed, Swamp Milkwort, Showy Mistletoe, Southern Morning Glory, Red Morning Glory, White Mullein, Common Mullein, Moth Mustard, Field Naked Tick Trefoil Nettle, Horse Oak, Turkey Oak, White Obedient Plant Onion, Wild Orchid, Crane Fly Pansy, Field Partridgeberry Passionflower, Purple Pea, Everlasting Pea, Partridge Pennywort, Beach Penstemon genus Peppergrass, Wild Periwinkle, Big Periwinkle, Little Petunia, Carolina Wild Phlox, Eastern Blue Phlox, Garden Phlox, Trailing Pickerelweed Pink, Deptford Pink, Fire Pink Muhly Grass Pinkweed Pinxter-flower Pitcher Plant, Whitetop Pitcher Plant, Yellow Plantain, Common Plantain, English Plantain, Rattlesnake Primrose, Showy Poppy Poppy, White Prickly Pokeweed Porcelainberry Putty Root Purple Lovegrass Purslane, Paraguayan Queen Anne's Lace Quinine, Common Wild Raspberry, Purple-flowering Redbud, Eastern Redtop Ragweed, Common Rattlesnake Master Rock Cress, Lyre-leaved Rose, Carolina Rosebay, Catawba Rosemary St. Andrew's Cross St. Anthony's Turnip St. John's Wort, Common Sassafras Saxifrage, Early Sea Rocket Sedge, White-bracted Seedbox Self Heal Sensitive Brier Showy Rattlebox Silktree (often called Mimosa) Silverling Sneezeweed, Bitter Sorrel, Heartwing Sourwood Spanish Needles Speedwell Spicebush Spiderflower Spiderwort, Virginia Spring Beauty Spurge Squawroot Stonecrop, Woodland Strawberry, Indian Strawberry, Wild Sundrop Sunflower, Common Sweet William Sweetgum Thimbleweed, Tall Thistle, Canada Tickseed, Whorled Tievine Toadflax, Blue Toadflax, Common Toothwort Touch-Me-Not Trillium, Large-flowered Trillium, Painted Trillium, Red Trumpet Creeper Tulip Tree Umbrella Leaf Valley Redstem Venus Fly Trap Venus Looking Glass Vetch, Carolina Vetch, Common Vetch, Cow Vetch, White Viburnum, Possumhaw Violet Violet, Canada Violet, Common Blue Violet, Downy Yellow Virgin's Bower Wake Robin Water Willow, American Watershield Willow, Black Willow, Weeping Wingstem, Common Wintergreen, Striped Wisteria, American Witch Hazel, Early Wood-sorrel, Common Yellow Yellow-eyed Grass

All plant species represented on this page have demonstrated ability to survive without human cultivation in the general area where they appeared.  Some of these species were originally introduced from other parts of the world, however.   North Carolina state-listed species shown below include the Prairie Wild Indigo (Baptisia australis), which is "threatened;" the Smooth Coneflower (Echinacea laevigata), which is "special concern" and "endangered" and the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), which is "special concern." 

The plants on this page are ordered by their family classification within their subclass for simplicity.  These Latin names were checked against the Integrated Taxonomic Information System for validity.  Identification errors are possible.   No information on this page should be interpreted as medical advice or as authoritative information relevant to herbal medicine, nor should any plants represented on it be assumed to be edible.  

NOTE:  Durham, NC  is in USDA Hardiness Zone 7.  The first hard freeze of the winter of 2009 was on the night of December 5 and the first snow on December 18.

Monocotyledons (Liliopsida class)

Arecidae subclass

Araceae family, Arecidae subclass

Jack-in-the-Pulpit(Arisaema triphyllum), Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09	Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/21/06	Jack-in-the-Pulpit, with green seedheads, NC Botanical Garden, 7/17/09.  Two plants are seen here.	Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) seedhead, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 9/2/04.  The stalk typically breaks, letting the berries reach the ground.	Jack-in-the-Pulpit, with red seedheads, Durham, NC, 9/16/09

Commelinidae subclass

Poaceae family, Commelinidae subclass

Grass flowers have a unique structure: spikelets are the basic inflorescence; the anthers (the male parts) are x-shaped and the styles (the female parts) are long and fuzzy.

http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/PLB304/Lecture26Poales/Poaceae.html

Grass flowers, Duke Forest, Gate 12, Orange County, NC, 10/13/05	Pink Muhly Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), Durham, NC, 10/12/12	Grass flowers, American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Grass flowers. Durham, NC, 6/20/09	Purple Lovegrass (Eragrostis spectabilis, with stilt bug on lower right), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 6/25/09	Redtop (Tridens flavus), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/29/09

Spikelets of Common Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis); the anthers and styles are black. Durham, NC, 7/15/09	Sandspur flowers (Cenchrus echinatus), Ft. Fisher State Recreation Area, New Hanover County, NC, 11/11/12

Commelinaceae family, Commelinidae subclass

Virginia Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09	Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 8/23/09	Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 8/18/11	Asiatic Dayflower (Commelina communis), Brackenridge Park, San Antonio, Bexar County, TX, 5/28/10

	Carolina Dayflower, Durham, NC, 9/20/09.  I'm going out on a limb here: this looks a different species from the Virginia Dayflower.	Virginia Dayflower (Commelina virginica), Third Fork Trail, Durham, NC, 9/15/11	Virginia Dayflower (Commelina virginiana), Glen R. Hilton Park, Hickory, Catawba County, NC, 9/25/09.  Seen in deep woods.	Swamp Dayflowers (Murdannia keisak), seen in swampy areas.  Durham, NC, 9/15/11.  An introduced plant, it is listed as a "noxious weed" in Washington state.

Cyperaceae family, Commelinidae subclass

White-bracted Sedge or Whitetop Sedge or Sandswamp Whitetop (Rhynchospora latifolia), Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/11/09	Narrowleaf Whitetop Sedge, Ft. Fisher Recreational Area, New Hanover County, NC, 8/5/09

Xyridaceae family, Commelinidae subclass

Yellow-eyed Grass flower (Xyris fimbriata), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 8/4/09	Yellow-eyed Grass (Xyris fimbriata), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 8/4/09

Liliidae subclass

Alismataceae family, Liliidae subclass

Sagittaria genus, Carolina Beach, New Hanover County, NC, 8/29/12

Iridaceae family, Liliidae subclass

Narrowleaf Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrichium angustifolium), Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/13/09	White Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium albidum), Durham, NC, 6/6/09.  Both flower and fruit are shown here.	White Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium albidum), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/2/10	White Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium albidum), Durham, NC, 5/1/09

Dwarf Crested Iris (I. cristata), Tanawha Trail (Mileposts 299-300), NC, 5/6/11	Dwarf Iris (Iris reticulata), Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09

Liliaceae family, Liliidae subclass

Large-flowered Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09.  USDA status: "endangered" in Maine and "exploitably vulnerable" in New York.	Wake Robin (Trillium erectum), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09	Bashful Wake Robin (Trillium catesbaei).  North Carolina Botanical Garden, 4/18/09.	Painted Trillium (T. undulatum).  Tanawha Trail (Mileposts 299-300), NC, 5/6/11	Red Trillium (T. erectum).  Tanawha Trail (Mileposts 299-300), NC, 5/6/11	Little Sweet Betsy (Trillium cuneatum), Duke Gardens, Durham County, NC, 3/28/08.

Trout Lily (Erythonium americanum), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 3/13/08.  These ephemera show up in early spring and die back to the ground when new leaves on the trees cut off the sunlight to the understory.  They are common in wooded areas around here.	Atamasco Lily (Zethyranthes atamasco), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/20/07	Grape Hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/31/09	Common Goldstar (Hypoxis hirsuta), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/30/09	Canadian Mayflower (Maiathemum canadense), Liliaceae family member.  Tanawha Trail (Mileposts 299-300), NC, 5/6/11

Wild onion (Allium schoenoprasum), Raulston Arboretum, Raleigh, NC, 4/23/09	Wild Onion, Durham, NC, 4/30/09	Wild Garlic (Allium vineale), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 5/20/09	Wild onion, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/30/09	Wild onion, Durham, NC, 5/23/09	Wild Garlic (Allium vineale), Durham, NC, 6/6/09

Wild Garlic (Allium vineale), Occoneechee Mountain Natural Area, Orange County, NC, 6/13/09	Wild Garlic (Allium vineale), Durham, NC,  6/6/09	Wild Onion (Allium canadensis?), Durham, NC, 9/2/09	False Garlic (looks like Nothoscordum borbonicum, but only N. bivalve has been reported inland), Santee, Orangeburg County, SC, 4/29/11

Turk's Cap Lily (Lilium superbum), Daniel Boone Gardens, Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/5/08	Orange Daylilies or Tiger Daylilies (Hemerocallis fulva), near Old Salem, Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, NC, 6/7/09.  These were just a few of the many daylilies of this species growing wild in this area.	Orange Daylily or Tiger Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva), near Old Salem, Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, NC, 6/7/09	Indian Cucumber Root (Medeola virginiana) flower and bud, War Spur Loop, Giles County, VA, 6/15/11

Orchidaceae family, Liliidae subclass

Pink Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium  acaule, Orchidaceae family), Falling Creek Camp, Tuxedo, Henderson County, NC, 5/23/03	Putty Root (Aplectrum hyemale), 2/21/09, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC.   The rather large leaf appears in fall and winter (but never the same time as the inflorescence), even as far north as Wisconsin, according to the University of Wisconsin at Madison Botany Department.    ID thanks to Will Cook.	Crane Fly Orchid (Tipularia discolor), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/31/09.  As with the Putty Root, the leaf and inflorescence are never seen together.	Crane Fly Orchid flowers, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/30/09	Crane Fly Orchid flowers (closeup of flowers on the left)

Rattlesnake Plantain (Goodyera pubescens), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/30/09	Budding Rattlesnake Plantain (Goodyera pubescens).  Thumbnail went sideways.  Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/2/11

Pontederiaceae family, Liliidae subclass

	Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 6/12/09

Ruscaceae family, Liliidae subclass

Lily of the Valley (Convallaria ruscaceae), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09

Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida class)

Asteridae subclass

Acanthaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Carolina Wild Petunia (Ruellia carolinensis), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/15/11	Carolina Wild Petunia (Ruellia carolinensis), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/24/09	Carolina Wild Petunia (Ruellia carolinensis), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	American Water Willow (Justicia americana) flowers, with sweat bee inside one.  On Eno River bank.  West Point on the Eno, Durham, NC, 7/4/09	American Water Willow (Justicia americana).  Same plant as on left.

Apocynaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Little Periwinkle (Vinca minor), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 3/19/09	Big Periwinkle (Vinca major), American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Dogbane or Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 6/6/10

Asclepiadaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 6/13/09	Milkweed (Asclepias genus), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 6/13/09	Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), Peaks of Otter Recreational Area, Bedford County, VA, 7/9/09	Swamp Milkweed seed pods with Large Milkweed Bugs on them, Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 9/13/09	Swamp Milkweed, Flat River Impoundment, Durham, NC 8/15/10

Asteraceae family, Asterales order, Asteridae subclass

Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), with Honey Bee, Durham, NC, 8/1/08.  Photo by Karl D. Gottschalk.	Bearded Beggarticks (Bidens aristosa), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 10/5/08	Spanish Needles (Bidens bipinnata), Durham, NC, 11/20/12	Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Raulston Arboretum, Raleigh, NC, 5/22/09	Smooth Coneflower (Echinacea laevigata), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 6/4/06. This is an officially endangered species according to the US Fish & Wildlife Service and North Carolina Ecological Services according to their Smooth Coneflower Page.	Salt-marsh Fleabane (Pluchea odorata), Goose Creek State Park, Washington County, NC, 9/21/08.  Also seen in rural Chatham County, NC.

Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Durham, NC, 3/27/09	Green-and-gold (Chrysogonum virginianum), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	A kind of purple aster, perhaps the Late Purple Aster of the North Carolina mountains, 10/16/08	Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), Haw River State Park, 5/31/08, with Zebra Longhorn Beetle	Cat's Ear (Hypochaeris radicata), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/29/09	False Dandelion (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 7/16/11

Dwarf Dandelion (Krigia genus), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 4/12/09	Firewheel or Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchella),Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/11/09.  Although it is more commonly called "Firewheel" in North Carolina, it is called "Indian Blanket" in warmer climates, e.g., southern Texas, where it is seen in large clusters.	An unusual Firewheel (Gaillardia pulchella), Ft. Fisher State Recreation Area, New Hanover County, NC, 12/3/12	American Everlasting (Gamochaeta coarctata), Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09	Stokes Aster (Stokesia laevis), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 6/13/09	Centaurea genus maybe, NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09

Whorled Tickseed (Coreopsis verticillata), Durham, NC, 6/27/09	Chicory (Cichorium intybus), seen in large groups along the sides of highways in the Natural Bridge area and nearby parts of Virginia, 7/8/09	Chicory (Cichorium intybus), including one albino (on Blowing Rock Rd. corner), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 6/30/10	Gray Goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis), with weevil and tumbling flower beetle, NC Botanical Garden, 7/17/09	Small's Ragwort (Packera anonyma), Durham, NC, 5/20/09

	New York Ironweed (Vernonia novaboracensis), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/30/09	Ironweed flower (Vernonia novaboracensis)closeup, NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 9/6/09	Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium), Eno River State Park, Durham County, NC, 8/27/10.  This plant was standing by itself, enduring the summer drought over two visits.	Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium) flower close-up, American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 7/16/09	Sweet Everlasting, its Asteraceae family membership more obvious, 11/10/10, North River Park, Greenville, Pitt County, NC

Bushy Sea Oxeye Daisy or Bushy Seaside Tansy (Borrichia frutescens), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 8/3/09	Bitter Sneezeweed (Helenium amarum), Flat River Impoundment, Durham, NC, 8/15/10	Bitter Sneezeweed  (Helenium amarum), Ft. Fisher Basil Trail, New Hanover County, NC, 8/3/09	New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae), Daniel Boone Gardens, Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09	Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium purpureum), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/11/09

Dog Fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 11/2/11	Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), Durham, NC, 6/11/11	Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), Moses Cone  Memorial Park, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09.  This flower was alone.	Ageratum or Flossflower (Ageratum houstonianum), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/1/09

Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) male flower buds (closeup), Durham, NC, 9/8/09. There were about 2000 of these approx. 10-flower units on this particular plant.	Common Ragweed flower (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, among buds, Geitner Park, Hickory, Catawba County, NC, 9/29/09.  A typical mature Ragweed plant has thousands of flowers.	Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/11/09	Late Purple Aster (Symphyotrichum patens),  Geitner Park, Hickory, Catawba County, NC, 9/25/09	White Heath Aster (Symphyotricum pilosum), with an American Lady, Durham, NC, 11/05/12	Common Wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 8/21/09	Dense Blazing Star (Liatris spicata), Carolina Beach, New Hanover County, NC, 10/16/09	Daisy Fleabane (Erigon strigosus), Durham, NC, 4/28/09

Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 7/26/09	Common Wild Quinine (Parthenium integrifolium), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC (~Mile 5), 6/24/10	Spanish Needles (Bidens bipinnata), Durham, NC, 11/20/12

Balsaminaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Pale Jewelweed or Pale Touch Me Not (Impatiens palida), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/4/08	Touch Me Not or Spotted Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), with tiny Tarnished Plant Bug, Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/6/08	Touch Me Not or Spotted Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) seeds and burst pod, Geitner Park, Hickory, Catawba County, NC, 9/25/09.  Touching a ripe pod, which has a slender convex shape, causes it to split at the seams, freeing the seeds.

Bignoniaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Cross Vine (Bignonia capreolata), Durham, NC, 5/4/09	Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), Occoneechee Mountain Natural Area, Orange County, 6/13/09	Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 8/9/09

Boraginaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Virginia Bluebell (Mertensia virginica), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09.  See Virginia Bluebells USDA Page.	Forget-me-not or stickseed (Hackelia genus?), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09.  Looks most like micrantha species, but this plant is outside its normal range.	Forget-me-not (Myositis genus), Boone Greenway Trail, Watauga County, NC, 7/2/10

Caprifoliaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Coral Honeysuckle (Lonacera sempervirens), American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Coral Honeysuckle (Lonacera sempervirens), Eno River State Park, Orange County, 5/8/07	Possumhaw Virburnum (Viburnum nudum), Durham, NC, 4/8/09	Possumhaw Virburnum (Viburnum nudum) trunk (same plant as on left)

Campanulaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis), Durham, NC, 9/1/08	Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica), NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 9/6/09	Downy Lobelia (Lobelia puberula).  Date unknown.	Venus' Looking Glass (Triodanis perfoliata), Durham, NC, 5/18/09	Venus' Looking Glass (Triodanis perfoliata), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 5/19/09	Tall Bellflower (Campanula americana), Moses Cone Memorial Park, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09.  Thanks to Janie Harmon Owens for ID.

Convolvulaceae family, Asteridae subclass

White Morning Glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Flat River Impoundment, Durham County, NC, 10/27/10	Man-of-the-earth or Wild Potato Vine (Ipomoea pandurata), a kind of morning glory.  American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/29/09	Man-of-the-earth or Wild Potato Vine (Ipomoea pandurata), Durham, NC, 7/12/09	Redstar (Ipomoea coccinea), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/11/09	Morning glories (Ipomoea purpurea), Jordan Lake Dam, Chatham County, NC, 9/20/10	Tievine or Cotton Morning Glory (Ipomoea cordatotriloba), Ft. Fisher Basin Trail, New Hanover, NC, 9/28/10

Gentianaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Narrowleaf Rose Gentian or Rose Pink (Sabatia angularis), Ft. Fisher Recreational Area, New Hanover County, NC, 8/3/09	Salt Marsh Pink (Sabatia stellaris), Ft. Fisher Recreational Area, New Hanover County, NC, 8/6/09

Hydrophyllaceae family, Solanales order, Asteridae subclass

Miami Mist (Phacelia purshii), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/2/10, one of many near the parking lot.  ID thanks to Bailey Winstead, who says they are common in the Smoky Mountains. They are not native this far east, according to Harry LeGrand, who confirmed the species ID.  These are similar the Fringed Phacelia, which has fewer flowers per stem.	Maybe Phacelia bipinnatafida, in the mountain garden section of the NC Botanical Garden, 5/9/10.

Lamiaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), Durham, 4/3/09.  Note the tiny black midge on the top flower.	Purple Dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum), Durham, NC, 4/3/09	Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Durham, NC, 4/8/09	Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea) with a cuckoo bee (Nomada genus, Heminomada subgenus, possibly Imbricata species), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/22/09	Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/22/09

Helmetflower (Scutellaria integrifolia), Durham, NC, 6/6/09	Heal-All (Prunella vulgaris), Tanawha Trail, Avery County, NC, 7/8/11	Spotted Bee-balm (Monarda punctata), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 8/12/11	Scarlet Bee-balm (Monarda didyma), Salem College, Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, NC, 6/7/09	Bergamot or Lavender Bee-balm (Monarda fistulosa), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	White Bergamot (Monarda clinopodia), at the summit of Harkening Hill, Peaks of Otter Recreational Area, Bedford County, VA, 7/9/09	Obedient Plant (Physostegia virginiana), NC Botanical Garden, 9/6/09

Forked Bluecurls (Trichostema dichotomum), 9/28/10.These wildflowers were common in the sand on the initial stretch of the Fort Fisher Basin Trail, New Hanover County, NC.  ID thanks to Janie Harmon Owens.	Carpet Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans, introduced from Eurasia),  about 3 feet high, just off Lake Crabtree trail on southern side of lake.  Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09.

Loganiaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens), Durham, NC, 3/30/09

Oleaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) fruit, Durham, NC, 8/15/09	Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus), Durham, NC, 4/22/10

Orobachaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Squawroot (Conopholis americana), Linn Cove Viaduct (south end of Tanawha Trail), past blooming. Yes, this whole is the infloresence!State-listed in NH, NY and RI.

Plantaginaceae family, Asteridae subclass

English Plantain  (Plantago lanceola), Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/10/09	Common Plantain (Plantago major), Sharp Top Mountain, Peaks of Otter Recreational Area, Bedford County, VA, 7/10/09		Seems to be a struggling Common Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea).  Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 6/12/09	Common Foxglove, West Point on the Eno, Durham, NC, 7/4/09

Polemoniaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Trailing Phlox (Phlox nivalis), Durham, NC, 4/3/09	Eastern Blue Phlox, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Garden Phlox (maybe Phlox paniculata), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/11/09

Rubiaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Azure Bluet (Houstonia caerulia), Durham, NC, 4/7/09	Large Houstonia (Houstonia purpurea), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 5/20/09	Bedstraw or Stickywilly (Galium aparine), Durham, NC, 4/9/09	Bedstraw or Stickywilly (Galium aparine), Durham, NC, 4/14/09

Common Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) blossoms, Third Fork Trail, Durham, NC, 6/6/11	Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	Virginia Buttonweed (Diodia virginiana)	Blooming Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens), Congaree National Park, Richland County, 4/30/11

Solanaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Horse Nettle (Solanum carolinense), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/30/09	Horse Nettle (Solanum carolinense) flower with katydid nymph, Durham, NC, 6/11/09	Deadly Nightshade (Atropa belladonna), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09

Scrophulariaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Purple False Foxglove (Agalinis purpurea), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC  9/17/08.  Note the many tiny "hairs."	Speedwell (Veronica genus), Durham, NC, 2/20/10	Speedwell (Veronica persica), Durham, 3/10/09.  This is a very common plant with tiny flowers, appearing early in the year.	Speedwell (Veronica pedunculata), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Blue Toadflax (Linaria canadensis), Lake Crabtree County Park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09	Common Toadflax or Butter and Eggs (Linaria vulgaris) at Lake Abbott, Peaks of Otter Recreational Area, Bedford, VA, 7/9/09

Penstemon genus member, Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/21/09.  Looks like Multiflora Penstemon (Penstemon multiflora), but is outside that species' natural range, i.e., hardiness zones 8-10.	Field of penstemons, same species as on left, same time and place, i.e., Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/21/09.  Their blooming time was about 2 weeks.		Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria), Occoneechee Mountain Natural ARea, Orange County, NC, 6/13/09	Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus), Flat River Impoundment, Durham County, NC, 8/5/11	Japanese Mazus (Mazus pumilus or Mazus japonicus), Durham, NC, 4/13/11

Eastern Gray Beardtongue (Penstemon canescens), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/11/12

Valerianaceae family, Asteridae subclass

Common Cornsalad (Valerianella locusta), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 4/12/09	Common Cornsalad (Valerianella locusta), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 4/13/09

Verbenaceae family, Asteridae subclass

American Beauty Berry (Callicarpa americana), North Carolina Botanical Garden, 9/26/07	Lanceleaf Fogfruit (Phyla lanceolata), Carolina Beach, New Hanover County, NC, 8/3/09

Caryophyllidae subclass

Cactaceae family, Carylophyllidae subclass

Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia genus), Duke Gardens, Durham County, NC, 6/12/09	Prickly Pears with flowers, Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 5/23/11

Caryophyllaceae family, Caryophyllidae subclass

Common Chickweed (Stellaria media), Durham, NC, 4/3/09, the most common weed in my neighborhood.	Giant Chickweed (Stellaria pubera), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09.	Sweet William (Dianthus caryophyllus), Durham, NC, 4/9/09	Deptford Pink (Dianthus ameria), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/30/09	Fire Pink (Silene virginica), Haw River State Park, Rockingham County, 5/30/08	Silvery Nailwort or Silverling (Paronychia agyrocoma), seen on ledge at the McAfee's Knob summit (Roanoke County, VA, 6/15/11), about 2 inches high.

Phytolaccaceae family, Caryophyllidae subclass

Pokeweed (Phytolacca genus) flowers, Durham, NC, 5/27/09	Pokeweed berries, Durham, NC, 7/15/09

Polygonaceae family, Caryophyllidae subclass

Heartwing Sorrel (Rumex hastatulus), Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, Dare County, NC, 5/10/09	Pinkweed (Polygonum pennsylvaticum), Boone, Watauga County, NC, 8/11/09	Blooming Pinkweed (Polygonum pennsylvaticum), close-up.  American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 8/25/09

Portulacaceae family, Caryophyllidae subclass

Spring Beauty (Claytonia virginica), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 3/11/09	Paraguayan Purslane (Portulaca amilis), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 8/25/09.  An introduced plant, seen uncommonly here	Paraguayan Purslane (Portulaca amilis), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/11/09	Paraguayan Purslane (Portulaca amilis), an introduced plant found in the Atlantic coast states from Virginia to Florida.  Durham, NC, 9/14/12

Dilleniidae subclass

Brassicaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata, Cardamine laciniata or Dentaria laciniata), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 3/14/07.  This is one of the favorite plants of Falcate Orangetip butterflies.	Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata), Eno River State Park, Orange County, NC, 3/24/11	Cutleaf Toothwort (Cardamine concatenata), showing variation in leaf shape, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/23/11	Winter Cress (Barbarea verna), American Tobacco Trail (Miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Sea Rocket (Cakile edentula), Ocracoke Island (north end), 5/10/09	Wild Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum), Durham, NC, 6/6/09	Wild Peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/29/09

Smallflowered Bittercress (Cardamine parviflora), Durham, NC, 4/5/09	Pennsylvania Bittercress (Cardamine pensylvanica), Durham, NC, 1/26/12	Field Mustard or Wild Turnip (Brassica rapa), Durham, NC, 3/11/12

Clusiaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), Boone Greenway Trail, Watauga County, NC, 7/2/10	St. Andrew's Cross (Hypericum hypericoides), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 8/9/09

Dionaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Venus Fly Trap (Dionaea muscipula), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 12/20/06.  This species depends on regular forest fires to survive; otherwise it doesn't get enough sunlight.  Note the sandspur.

Ericaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Catawba Rosebay (Rhododendron catawbiense), Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 5/22/08	Great Laurel (Rhododendron maximum), Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 6/18/09	Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia), (Rhododendron minus), Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 5/22/08

Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum), Wind Rock, Giles County, VA, 6/16/11	Florida Azalea (Rhododendron austrinum), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Pinxter Flower (Rhododendron periclymenoides), Oconoeechee Mountain Natural Area, Orange County, NC, 4/14/11, appeared deep in the woods.	Pinxter Flower or Pink Azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides), Museum of Life and Science, Durham, NC, 4/23/09	Pinxter Flower (Rhododendron periclymenoides),Eno River State Park, Orange County, NC, 4/24/10

Blueberry (Vaccinium genus) flowers, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC 4/10/09	Deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), held upside-down by Lori Musick.  Eno River State Park, Bobbitt's Hole Trail, Orange County, NC, 4/24/10	Fetterbush, Mountain Andromeda or Lily-of-the-Valley shrub (Pieris floribunda), Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 4/11/10	Fetterbush Lyonia (Lyonia lucida), with larger flowers (~10 mm long).  These were very common in this park.

Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/21/10

Monotropopaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Indian Pipe (Monotropa uniflora), Macon County, NC  8/9/05.  This view of a flower shows that it has the normal reproductive organs, in contrast to widespread belief that it is not actually a plant, but a fungus.  This plant produces no chlorophyll, obtaining its nutrients from the soil.	Indian Pipes (Monotropa uniflora), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/30/09

Malvaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Bristly Mallow (Modiola caroliniana), Old Salem, Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, NC, 6/7/09	Bristly Mallow (Modiola caroliniana), in a wild section off the parking lot, NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 5/9/10	Rose Mallow (Pavonia lasiopetala), San Antonio Botanical Garden, Bexar County, TX, 5/27/10	Swamp Rose Mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), one of hundreds blooming at the Flat River Impoundment, Durham, NC, 7/17/11

Primulaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Whorled Yellow Loosestrife (Lysimachia quadrifolia), War Spur Loop, Giles County, VA, 6/16/11

Pyrolaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata) with buds, Durham, NC, 5/23/09.  Used to considered an Ericaceae family member.	Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata), in full bloom, 5/31/09	Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata), Durham, NC, 6/1/09	Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata), 6/2/09	Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata), Durham, NC, 6/3/09	Striped Wintergreen (Chimapila maculata), Durham, NC,  6/15/09

Salicaceae family, Dilleniidae subclass

Black Willow blossom (Salix nigra), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 3/11/09.  These flowers lack petals and sepals.  Note the fly at the base of the blossom.	Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) flowers and leaves, Durham, NC, 3/24/10

Sarraceniaceae family, Dileniidae subclass

Yellow Pitcher Plants (Sarracenia flava), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	Whitetop Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia leucophylla), NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 9/6/09

Violaceae family, Dileniidae subclass

Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia), Eno River State Park, Old Cole Mill Road access, Orange County, NC, 3/6/08	Common Blue Violets	Downy Yellow Violet (Viola pubescens), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/4/09	Halberd-leaved (Yellow) Violet (Viola hastata).  Seen at the same elevation as the lake (about 1200 feet) at Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 4/12/10.

Field Pansy (Viola bicolor), North Carolina Museum of Art, 2/24/12	Field Pansy (Viola bicolor), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 3/11/09.	Field Pansy (Viola bicolor), Sandy Creek Park, Durham, NC, 3/30/10	Field Pansy (Viola bicolor), Durham, NC, 3/12/09	Field Pansy (Viola bicolor), Durham, NC, 3/29/09	Violet, Durham, NC, 3/10/11	A common violet, maybe a variant of the Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia), according to Hilton Pond's 3/15/09 newsletter.  Durham, NC, 3/23/08.

Violet (Viola brittoniana), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 4/22/09	Violet, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 4/18/09	Canada Violet (Viola canadensis), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 4/18/09.

Hamamelidae subclass

These are generally broadleaf trees.

Betulaceae family, Hamamelidae subclass

Eastern Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) fruit, Durham, NC, 6/8/09	Female Eastern Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) flower, Durham, NC, 3/24/10	Part of a male Eastern Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)male catkin, Durham, NC, 2/26/11.  This structure gradually unfolds (lengthens, really), exposing the anthers.	Eastern Hophornbeam male catkins in varying stages of exposing anthers, Durham, NC, 3/20/11.

Fagaceae family, Hamamelidae subclass

A small Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis), Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 12/4/12	White Oak (Quercus alba), Durham, NC, 4/15/09, fallen from tree

Hamamelidaceae family, Hamamelidae subclass

Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Durham, NC, 11/16/08 (left), 4/14/09 (middle) and 4/02/09 (right)

Witch Alder (Fothergilla major), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Early Witch Hazel (Hamamelis vernalis) flower, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 2/2/11

Juglandaceae family, Hamamelidae subclass

Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra), Durham, NC, 4/20/09

Ulmaceae family, Hamamelidae subclass

Winged Elm (Ulmus alata) flowers, just starting to develop fruit.  Durham, NC, 3/24/10	Another Winged Elm (Ulmus alata), with maturing fruit.  Durham, NC, 3/24/10	Winged Elm flowers and fruit. Sandy Creek Park, Durham, NC, 3/30/10

Magnoliidae subclass

Berberidaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Umbrella Leaf (Diphylleia cymosa) berries, Tanawha Trail, off the Blue Ridge Ridge Parkway, Mile 302, 8/5/08	Umbrella-leaf (Diphylleia cymosa), berries and leaf, Linn Cove Viaduct Access Trail, Avery County, NC, 7/1/10	Mayapple (Podophyllum pentatum), Durham, 4/20/06.  Photo by Karl D. Gottschalk	Mayapple, Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/22/09	Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica), Durham, NC, 6/3/09	Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica) berries, Sandhills Horticultural Garden, Pinehurst, Moore County, NC, 11/28/09

Cabombaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Watershield (Brasenia schreberi), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 6/27/11

Fumariaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/5/06	Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 4/4/09	Bleeding Heart (Dicentra eximia), seen at about 3700 feet in elevation on Sharp Top Mountain in the Peaks of Otter Recreational Area (National Parks Service), Bedford County, VA on 7/10/09.  About 20 plants were seen in close proximity near a small rain forest.	Bleeding Heart (Dicentra eximia), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09

Lardizabalaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Chocolate Vine (Akebia quinata).  A vine with five leaves coming from one stem.  These are young leaves.  Durham, NC, 3/24/09.  It is an introduced species from Japan.  ID thanks to Will Cook.   USDA info on Chocolate Vine.

Lauraceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) flowers, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/20/10

Magnoliaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Durham, NC, 5/17/06.  These flowers are usually not seen until they fall from these tall trees.	Southern Magnolia or Bull Bay (Magnolia grandiflora), Durham, NC, 5/16/09	Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), Durham, NC, 5/10/10.  Photo by Peter C. Charles.

Papaveraceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Bloodroot (Sanguin-aria canadensis, Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC,  3/14/07	Bloodroots (Sanguinaria canadensis), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 3/24/10.  Not part of any formal exhibit.  Photo by Karl D. Gottschalk.	Poppy (Papaver dubium), Durham, NC, 4/23/09	White Prickly Poppy (Argemone albiflora) with 3 beetles and 5 tiny bees. Riverside Nature Center, Kerrville, Kerr County, TX, 5/27/10	Unfolding White Prickly Poppy: the whole process took place within seconds.  Also from Riverside Nature Center, Kerrville, Kerr County, TX, 5/27/10

Ranunculaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Round Lobed Hepatica (Hepatica americana), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC, 3/14/07.		Rue Anemone (Thalictrom thalictoides), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/31/09	Lesser Celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), Sandy Creek Park, Durham, NC, 3/19/10

Hooked Buttercup (Ranunculus recurvatus), Durham, NC, 4/4/09	Close-up of Hooked Buttercup (Ranunculus recurvatus), Durham, NC, 4/11/09	St. Anthony's Turnip (Ranunculus bulbosus), Durham, NC, 4/11/09

Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Tall Thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana), which has a very long stem with basal leaves.  Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/24/09		Black Cohosh (thumbnail got surprise rotation), Daniel Boone Gardens, Boone, Watauga County, NC, 7/8/11

Leather Flower (Clematis viorna), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/19/10.  Note: thumbnail has been rotated 90°.	View inside a Leather Flower (Clematis viorna), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/19/10	Virgin's Bower (Clematis virginiana), Boone Gardens, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09

Saururaceae family, Magnoliidae subclass

Lizard's Tail (Saururus cernuus), Durham, NC, 6/1/09	Lizard's Tail (Saururus cernuus), Durham, NC, 6/18/10.  The sprays start out not drooping.

Rosidae subclass

Aceraceae family, Rosidae subclass

Male Red Maple flowers, Third Fork Creek Trail, Durham, NC, 1/10/13	Red Maple (Acer rubrum) male flowers, Durham, NC, 2/26/09	Male Red Maple flowers, Durham, NC, 2/27/11	Female Red Maple flowers, Durham, NC, 3/2/11	Female Red Maple (Acer rubrum) flowers, with some producing fruit.  Durham, NC 3/24/10	Female Red Maple flowers, some with forming fruit.  Durham, NC, 3/28/10

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) flowers, Durham, NC, 3/29/10

Anacardiaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Durham, NC, 5/4/09

Apiaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Golden Alexander (Zizia aurea), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Queen Anne's Lace or Wild Carrot (Daucus carota), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 5/19/09.  Young flowers.	Queen Anne's Lace or Wild Carrot (Daucus carota), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 5/19/09.  Mature flowers.	Queen Anne's Lace buds, American Tobacco Trail (~Mile 5), Durham, NC, 6/24/10.  There was a severe drought in middle and late spring.	Queen Anne's Lace flowers, up close.  The pink one is immature.  Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 6/24/09. A tiny weevil is at left.

Water Hemlock (Cicuta maculata), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 6/25/09, a very poisonous plant, also found in Siler's Bog.	Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09	Angelica triquinata, Moses Cone Memorial Park, Watauga County, NC, 8/12/09	Angelica genus, Boone Greenway Trail, Watauga County, NC, 6/30/10

Aquifoliaceae family, Rosidae subclass

American Holly, Durham, NC, 5/8/09

Araliaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Devil's Walkingstick (Aralia spinosa), a very thorny tree, Gulf Shores National Seashore, Ocean Springs, MS, 14/10	Beach Pennywort (Hydrocotyle genus, Araliaceae family) flowers, Ft. Fisher State Recreation Area, New hanover County, NC, 11/11/12

Celastraceae family, Rosidae subclass

Hearts-a-Bustin' or American Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus), Durham, NC, 5/18/08	Hearts-a-bustin' (Euonymus americanus), Durham, NC, 5/6/09	Hearts-a-bustin' fruit, 9/24/08.  Durham or Orange County, NC.

Cleomaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Spider Flower (Cleome hassleriana), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 10/31/11.  Genus ID thanks to Laura Thomas.

Cornaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida), Occoneechee Mountain Natural Area, Orange County, NC, 4/5/09

Crassulaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Woodland Stonecrop (Sedum ternatum), Eno River State Park, Orange County, NC, 4/24/10

Euphorbiaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Wild Poinsettia aka Fire-on-the-Mountain (Euphorbia cyathophora), Carolina Beach, New Hanover County, NC, 9/27/10.	Wild Poinsettia aka Mexican Fireplant (Euphorbia heterophylla), Lake Hollingsworth, Lakeland, FL, 9/21/10.  Copyright © 2010 Noela T. Martell Segura	Spurge (Euphorbia genus), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09	Tread-softly (Cnidoscolus stimulosus).  It has stinging hairs.  Carolina Beach State Park, New Hanover County, NC, 5/23/11

Fabaceae family, Rosidae subclass

A cultivated member of the Common Bean species.  Cypress Gardens, Berkeley County, SC, 10/12/07.	Wild Blue Indigo or Prairie Blue Indigo (Baptisia australis), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham County, NC,  5/6/06	Spurred Butterfly Pea (Centrosema virginianum) flower, Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 8/18/06	Butterfly Pea (Clitoria mariana), Eno River State Park, Orange County, NC, 8/27/10	Butterfly Pea (Clitoria mariana), Falls Lake Dam, Wake County, NC, 9/11/10	Bristly Locust flower (Robinia hispida), Hanging Rock State Park, Stokes County, NC, 5/22/08	Groundnut (Apios americana), Durham, NC, 8/11/08.  ID thanks to Janie Owens.	Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis), Durham, NC, 3/29/09

Common Vetch (Vicia sativa), Durham, NC, 4/3/09.  A vine.	Common Vetch (Vicia sativa), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 4/13/09.	Common Vetch (Vicia sativa), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 4/13/09.	Vetch (probably Vicia grandiflora), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 4/13/09.	Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus latifolius), on Cedar Creek Nature Trail, Natural Bridge, Rockbridge County, VA, 7/8/09	Wild Bean (Strophostyles umbellata), Airlie Gardens, Wilmington, New Hanover County, NC, 8/5/09

Trailing Wild Bean (Strophostyles helvola), with the different flower colors (due to age) characteristic of this species.  Durham, NC, 9/13/11	Carolina Vetch (Vicia caroliniana), Lake Crabtree County park, Wake County, NC, 4/16/09	Cow Vetch (Vicia cracca), Camden County, NC, 4/27/09 (near downtown Elizabeth City)	Vetch (Vicia tetrasperma), Camden County, NC (just north of Elizabeth City), 4/27	American Wisteria (Wisteria frutescens), Duke Gardens, Durham, NC, 4/6/09

Birdfoot Trefoil or Birdfoot Deer-vetch (Lotus corniculatus), Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/11/09	Another Birdfoot Trefoil, Ocracoke, Hyde County, NC, 5/10/09	Silktree (Albizia julibrissin), Durham, NC, 6/8/09	Sensitive Brier or Sensitive Plant (Mimosa microphylla), NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 7/17/09

Red Clover blossom, like all clover blossoms, a composite of typical legume family (Fabaceae) flowers.  Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 5/27/11	Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum), North Carolina Museum of Art nature trail, 4/23/09	Low Hop Clover (Trifolium campestre), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/1/09	Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), Southern Village, Chapel Hill, Orange County, NC, 5/7/09	White clover (Trifolium repens, var. repens), Durham, NC, 4/3/09	Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis), NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC, 6/21/09

Sericea Lespedeza  or Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), Durham, NC, 8/2/10	Sericea lespedeza or Chinese Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/29/09.	Lespedeza genus flowers, American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/1/09	Lespedeza genus, American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/1/09	Crown Vetch (Coronilla varia or Securigera varia, an introduced plant), Boone Greenway, Watauga County, NC, 7/7/11	Showy Rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), Greenville, NC, 11/10/10

Showy Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC,  7/26/09	Kudzu flower (Pueraria montana), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 8/21/09	Hog Peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 8/23/09	Naked Tick Trefoil (Desmodium nudiflorum) flowers, seen on the woodland trail (not part of the official exhibit) at the North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 6/27/11

Geraniaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Carolina Cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum), Durham, NC, 4/9/09	Bloody Cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum). North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09

Hippocastanaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava), Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 3/31/09	Red Buckeye (Aesculus pavia), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09

Lythraceae family, Rosidae subclass

Valley Redstem or Scarlet Tooth-cap (Ammannia coccinea): flowers, fruit and buds, Jordan Lake gameland, Chatham County, NC, 10/15/11

Melastomataceae family, Rosidae subclass

Maryland Meadow Beauty (Rhexia mariana), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 7/26/09	Virginia Meadow Beauty (Rhexia virginica), NC Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 9/6/09

Onagraceae family, Rosidae subclass

Sundrops (Calylophus genus), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 5/11/12	Common Evening Primrose (Oenoethera biennis), Ocracoke, 5/11/09.  Taken at 8:24 am, DST.	Showy Primrose  (Oenothera speciosa), Durham, NC, 6/1/11	Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia, Onagraceae family), Durham, NC, 6/26/09

Oxalidaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Common Yellow Wood-sorrel (Oxalis stricta), Durham, NC, 4/5/09	Pink Wood-sorrel (Oxalis violaceae), Pettigrew State Park, Washington County, NC, 4/28/09

Polygalaceae Family, Rosidae subclass

Showy Milkwort (Polygala grandiflora), South Lido Park, Sarasota, FL, 4/1/12

Passifloraceae family, Rosidae subclass

Purple Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), one of about 10 at the Flat River Impoundment, Durham County, NC, 8/15/10	Purple Passionflower, Fort Macon State Park, Carteret County, NC, 7/21/08.  These are the preferred larval plants of Zebra Heliconian butterflies.	Purple Passionflower, coastal South Carolina.  Photo taken by David L. Green, who describes beekeeping at his website, http://www.pollinator.com

Passion Vine with opening flower.  One of a few remaining after a large field was mowed.  Johnston Mill Nature Preserve, Orange County, NC, 7/3/09

Rhamnaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Carolina Buckthorn (Frangula caroliniana), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09

Rosaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Sulfur Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 5/19/09	Dwarf Cinquefoil (Potentilla canadensis), Durham, NC, 4/8/09	Indian Strawberry or Mock Strawberry(Duchesnea indica) flower, Durham, NC, 4/3/09	Mock Strawberry or Indian Strawberry (Duchesnea indica) fruit, Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange Bounty, NC, 5/11/12	Wild Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 4/12/09

Chokecherry (Prunus virginia), American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Blackberry (Rubus genus), American Tobacco Trail (miles 4-6), Durham, NC, 4/13/09	Purple-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus), with flower.  Mt. Jefferson State Park, Ashe County, NC, 8/13/09	Purple-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus), with fruit.  Mt. Jefferson State Park, Ashe County, NC, 8/13/09

Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris), appeared in Siler's Bog in the Mason Farm Biological Reserve, Orange County, NC, 6/25/09	Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris), Flat River Impoundment, Durham County, NC, 6/3/11.  One of a few wild rose species found in North Carolina: USDA Plants Rosa genus page

Saxifragaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Early Saxifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis), Penny's Bend Nature Preserve, Durham, NC, 3/19/09.  Mottled leaf is part of a Trout Lily.  ID thanks to Joan Carr of South Williamson,  Kentucky.	Heartleaf Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), Duke Gardens, 4/6/09	Heartleaf Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), North Carolina Botanical Garden, Orange County, NC, 4/10/09

Viscaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Southern Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum), the only mistletoe species found in North Carolina. Seen in Washington, Beaufort County, NC, 3/11/12.

Vitaceae family, Rosidae subclass

Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) flowers and buds, American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 6/29/09	Scuppernong grape (Vitis rotundifolia) flowers, Durham, NC, 6/8/09	Green Scuppernong (Vitis rotundifolia) fruit, Durham, NC, 7/6/09.  A variety of muscadine grape.	Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) fruit, Durham, NC, 7/26/09, not Scuppernongs.	Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) fruit, Durham, NC, 8/21/10	Ripe muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia). American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 9/1/09.  Not Scuppernongs.

Porcelainberry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, an introduced plant), American Tobacco Trail, Durham, NC, 8/25/09.  The leaves have a markedly different shape from the round-leaved Vitis genus members. This is listed as invasive in 12 states, but not in North Carolina: National Park Service's Porcelainberry Page.

Copyright 2005-2011 ©  Dorothy E. Pugh.  All rights reserved.

References

Bowers, N., R. Bowers and S. Tekiela (2008) Wildflowers of the Carolinas.  Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications

USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 22 June 2011). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Southern Illinois University College of Science (2011). Elements of Plant Systematics. Retrieved 28 July 2011 from http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/PLB304/Lecture26Poales/Poaceae.html